https://archive.org/details/social-engineering-Christopher-Hadnagy/03.mp3
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height: 30px;
}
.primary-nav-1 .link-home.primary-nav {
display: flex;
text-decoration: none;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 890px) and (max-device-width: 905px) {
.primary-nav-1 .branding.second-logo.primary-nav {
padding-right: 0;
}
}
@media (min-width: 906px) {
.primary-nav-1 .branding.second-logo.primary-nav {
padding-right: 20px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 889px) {
.primary-nav-1 slot.primary-nav[name='opt-sec-logo'] {
display: none;
}
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.primary-nav-1 {
;
}
.primary-nav-1 nav.primary-nav {
display: block;
z-index: 2;
height: 5rem;
padding-right: 1.5rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 slot.primary-nav[name='opt-sec-logo-mobile'] {
display: none;
}
.primary-nav-1 .branding.primary-nav {
margin-top: 1rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .ia-logo.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .ia-wordmark.primary-nav {
margin-right: 10px;
}
.primary-nav-1 .hamburger.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav {
display: none;
}
.primary-nav-1 .user-info.primary-nav {
float: right;
padding-top: 1rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav {
padding-top: 0;
}
.primary-nav-1 .user-menu.active.primary-nav {
background: transparent;
}
.primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav img.primary-nav {
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav {
display: block;
float: right;
margin-top: 1rem;
font-size: 1.4rem;
text-transform: uppercase;
text-decoration: none;
color: #999;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:active,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:focus,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:hover {
color: #fff;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav svg.primary-nav {
width: 32px;
height: 32px;
vertical-align: middle;
fill: #999;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:hover svg.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:focus svg.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:active svg.primary-nav {
fill: #fff;
}
.primary-nav-1 nav-search.primary-nav {
float: right;
margin-left: 1rem;
}
.primary-nav-1 login-button.primary-nav {
display: block;
margin-right: 1rem;
}
}
@media (min-width: 990px) {
.primary-nav-1 .username.primary-nav {
display: inline-block;
}
.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav span.primary-nav {
display: inline;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for user-menu --><!-- Shady DOM styles for search-menu --><style scope="search-menu-1">.search-menu-1 {
;
}
.search-menu-1 .menu-wrapper.search-menu {
position: relative;
}
.search-menu-1 button.search-menu:focus,.search-menu-1 input.search-menu:focus {
outline-color: #428bca;
outline-width: 0.16rem;
outline-style: auto;
}
.search-menu-1 .search-menu-inner.search-menu {
position: absolute;
right: 0;
left: 0;
z-index: 2;
padding: 0 4.5rem;
font-size: 1.6rem;
background-color: #333;
}
.search-menu-1 .tx-slide.search-menu {
overflow: hidden;
transition-property: top;
transition-duration: 0.2s;
transition-timing-function: ease;
}
.search-menu-1 .initial.search-menu,.search-menu-1 .closed.search-menu {
top: -800px;
}
.search-menu-1 .closed.search-menu {
transition-duration: 0.2s;
}
.search-menu-1 label.search-menu,.search-menu-1 a.search-menu {
padding: 1rem;
display: block;
}
.search-menu-1 .advanced-search.search-menu {
text-decoration: none;
color: #428bca;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.search-menu-1 .search-menu-inner.search-menu {
overflow: visible;
right: 2rem;
left: auto;
z-index: 5;
padding: 1rem 2rem;
transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in-out;
font-size: 1.4rem;
color: #333;
border-radius: 2px;
background: #fff;
box-shadow: 0 1px 2px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}
.search-menu-1 .search-menu-inner.search-menu:after {
position: absolute;
right: 7px;
top: -7px;
width: 12px;
height: 7px;
box-sizing: border-box;
color: #fff;
content: '';
border-bottom: 7px solid currentColor;
border-left: 6px solid transparent;
border-right: 6px solid transparent;
}
.search-menu-1 .initial.search-menu,.search-menu-1 .closed.search-menu {
opacity: 0;
transition-duration: 0.2s;
}
.search-menu-1 .open.search-menu {
opacity: 1;
}
.search-menu-1 label.search-menu {
padding: 0;
}
.search-menu-1 label.search-menu + label.search-menu {
padding-top: 7px;
}
.search-menu-1 a.search-menu {
padding: 1rem 0 0 0;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for ia-wayback-search --><!-- Shady DOM styles for wayback-search --><style scope="wayback-search-1">.wayback-search-1 {
font: normal 1.2rem/1.5 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}
.wayback-search-1 form.wayback-search {
max-width: 600px;
}
.wayback-search-1 p.wayback-search {
margin-top: 0;
font-weight: 200;
}
.wayback-search-1 a.wayback-search {
font-weight: 500;
text-decoration: none;
color: #fff;
}
.wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search {
padding: 0.7rem 2rem;
margin: 1.5rem 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
text-align: center;
border: none;
border-radius: 7px;
background-color: #fcf5e6;
box-shadow: 3px 3px 0 0 #c3ad97;
}
.wayback-search-1 label.wayback-search {
display: none;
}
.wayback-search-1 img.wayback-search {
width: 100%;
max-width: 215px;
max-height: 60px;
margin-bottom: 1.3rem;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search {
display: block;
width: 100%;
height: 3rem;
padding: 0.5rem 1rem 0.5rem 2.5rem;
font: normal 1.2rem/1.5 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
color: #858585;
box-sizing: border-box;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 2rem;
background: #eee;
}
.wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search:focus {
border-color: #66afe9;
box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075), 0 0 8px rgba(102, 175, 233, 0.6);
outline: none;
}
.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search {
position: relative;
overflow: hidden;
}
.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search svg.wayback-search {
position: absolute;
top: 2px;
left: 3px;
width: 24px;
height: 24px;
}
.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search .fill-color.wayback-search {
fill: #999;
}
.wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search:focus + svg.wayback-search {
display: none;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.wayback-search-1 form.wayback-search {
margin: 0 auto;
}
.wayback-search-1 p.wayback-search {
margin-bottom: 3rem;
font-size: 1.6rem;
text-align: center;
}
.wayback-search-1 img.wayback-search {
margin: 0;
}
.wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search {
margin: 0 auto;
font-size: 0;
}
.wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search a.wayback-search,.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search {
display: inline-block;
width: 50%;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search a.wayback-search {
text-align: center;
}
.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search svg.wayback-search {
width: 28px;
height: 28px;
}
.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search .fill-color.wayback-search {
fill: #333;
}
}
.wayback-search-1 p.wayback-search {
margin-bottom: 1rem;
font-size: 1.6rem;
text-align: center;
}
.wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search {
padding: .5rem;
border-radius: 5px;
box-shadow: none;
}
.wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search {
padding-left: 3rem;
margin-top: .3rem;
font-size: 1.4rem;
border-color: #bca38e;
background: #fff;
}
.wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search::placeholder,.wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search::-webkit-input-placeholder {
color: #8e8e8e;
}
.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search svg.wayback-search {
top: 50%;
transform: translateY(-50%);
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search a.wayback-search,.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search {
display: block;
width: auto;
}
.wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search a.wayback-search {
margin: 0 1.5rem;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for save-page-form --><style scope="save-page-form-1">.save-page-form-1 div.save-page-form {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
grid-column-gap: .8rem;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
border: none;
}
.save-page-form-1 input.save-page-form[type="text"] {
width: 100%;
height: 30px;
box-sizing: border-box;
border: 1px solid #999;
border-radius: .5rem;
color: #222;
}
.save-page-form-1 input.save-page-form[type="submit"] {
-webkit-appearance: none;
-moz-appearance: none;
appearance: none;
padding: .4rem .8rem;
font: normal 1.3rem 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
text-transform: uppercase;
color: #fff;
border: none;
border-radius: 16px;
background: #222;
cursor: pointer;
}
.save-page-form-1 .error.save-page-form {
display: none;
margin-top: .5rem;
font-weight: bold;
color: #ffcd27;
}
.save-page-form-1 .visible.save-page-form {
display: block;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.save-page-form-1 h3.save-page-form {
margin-top: 0;
font: normal 100 1.6rem 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for wayback-slider --><style scope="wayback-slider-1">.wayback-slider-1 h4.wayback-slider {
font-size: 1.6rem;
}
.wayback-slider-1 a.wayback-slider {
text-decoration: none;
color: #fff;
}
.wayback-slider-1 ul.wayback-slider {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
list-style: none;
}
.wayback-slider-1 li.wayback-slider + li.wayback-slider {
padding-top: 1.5rem;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.wayback-slider-1 h4.wayback-slider {
margin: 0 0 1rem 0;
font-weight: 100;
}
.wayback-slider-1 ul.wayback-slider {
font-size: 1.3rem;
}
.wayback-slider-1 li.wayback-slider {
padding-bottom: .5rem;
}
.wayback-slider-1 li.wayback-slider + li.wayback-slider {
padding-top: 0;
}
.wayback-slider-1 li.wayback-slider a.wayback-slider {
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
white-space: nowrap;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.wayback-slider-1 {
display: block;
grid-column: 1 / 4;
padding: 0 1.5rem;
}
.wayback-slider-1 h4.wayback-slider {
margin-top: 0;
font: normal 100 1.6rem 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}
.wayback-slider-1 .grid.wayback-slider {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: minmax(auto, 260px) 1fr minmax(auto, 260px);
grid-column-gap: 2.5rem;
}
.wayback-slider-1 .link-lists.wayback-slider {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: calc(50% - 1.25rem) calc(50% - 1.25rem);
grid-column-gap: 2.5rem;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for more-slider --><style scope="more-slider-1">.more-slider-1 ul.more-slider {
padding: 0;
margin: -1rem 0 0 0;
list-style: none;
}
.more-slider-1 a.more-slider {
display: block;
padding: 1rem 0;
text-decoration: none;
color: #fff;
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for media-subnav --><style scope="media-subnav-1">.media-subnav-1 h4.media-subnav {
font-size: 1.6rem;
}
.media-subnav-1 a.media-subnav {
text-decoration: none;
color: #fff;
}
.media-subnav-1 ul.media-subnav {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
list-style: none;
}
.media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav + li.media-subnav {
padding-top: 1.5rem;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.media-subnav-1 h4.media-subnav {
margin: 0 0 1rem 0;
font-weight: 100;
}
.media-subnav-1 ul.media-subnav {
font-size: 1.3rem;
}
.media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav {
padding-bottom: .5rem;
}
.media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav + li.media-subnav {
padding-top: 0;
}
.media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav a.media-subnav {
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
white-space: nowrap;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
}
.media-subnav-1 img.media-subnav {
display: block;
width: 90px;
height: 90px;
margin: 0 auto 1rem auto;
border-radius: 45px;
}
.media-subnav-1 h3.media-subnav {
margin-top: 0;
font-size: 1.8rem;
}
.media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
-webkit-box-pack: space-evenly;
-ms-flex-pack: space-evenly;
justify-content: space-evenly;
text-align: center;
}
.media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav a.media-subnav {
display: inline-block;
width: 120px;
margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
overflow: hidden;
white-space: nowrap;
text-align: center;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
.media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav a.media-subnav + a.media-subnav {
margin-left: 2rem;
}
.media-subnav-1 .featured.media-subnav h4.media-subnav {
display: none;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.media-subnav-1 {
display: -ms-grid;
display: grid;
-ms-grid-columns: 40% 20% 40%;
grid-template-columns: 40% 20% 40%;
}
.media-subnav-1 .wayback-search.media-subnav {
-ms-grid-column: 1;
-ms-grid-column-span: 3;
grid-column: 1 / 4;
}
.media-subnav-1 h3.media-subnav {
display: none;
}
.media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav {
-ms-grid-column: 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav a.media-subnav {
padding-top: 3.5rem;
max-width: 160px;
}
.media-subnav-1 .links.media-subnav {
padding: 0 1.5rem;
}
.media-subnav-1 .featured.media-subnav {
-ms-grid-column: 2;
}
.media-subnav-1 .featured.media-subnav h4.media-subnav {
display: block;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav {
-ms-grid-column: 3;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav {
display: -ms-grid;
display: grid;
-ms-grid-columns: 50% 3rem 50%;
grid-template-columns: 50% 50%;
-ms-grid-rows: (auto)[7];
grid-template-rows: repeat(7, auto);
grid-column-gap: 3rem;
grid-auto-flow: column;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(1) {
-ms-grid-row: 1;
-ms-grid-column: 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(2) {
-ms-grid-row: 2;
-ms-grid-column: 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(3) {
-ms-grid-row: 3;
-ms-grid-column: 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(4) {
-ms-grid-row: 4;
-ms-grid-column: 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(5) {
-ms-grid-row: 5;
-ms-grid-column: 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(6) {
-ms-grid-row: 6;
-ms-grid-column: 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(7) {
-ms-grid-row: 7;
-ms-grid-column: 1;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(8) {
-ms-grid-row: 1;
-ms-grid-column: 3;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(9) {
-ms-grid-row: 2;
-ms-grid-column: 3;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(10) {
-ms-grid-row: 3;
-ms-grid-column: 3;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(11) {
-ms-grid-row: 4;
-ms-grid-column: 3;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(12) {
-ms-grid-row: 5;
-ms-grid-column: 3;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(13) {
-ms-grid-row: 6;
-ms-grid-column: 3;
}
.media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(14) {
-ms-grid-row: 7;
-ms-grid-column: 3;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for media-slider --><style scope="media-slider-1">.media-slider-1 .media-slider-container.media-slider {
position: relative;
}
.media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.media-slider {
display: none;
position: absolute;
top: 3rem;
right: 0;
left: 0;
height: 0;
overflow: hidden;
transition: height 0.2s ease;
}
.media-slider-1 .information-menu.media-slider {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
right: 0;
left: 0;
padding: 0;
height: 368px;
overflow-x: hidden;
font-size: 1.4rem;
background: #333;
}
.media-slider-1 .open.media-slider {
display: block;
}
.media-slider-1 .hidden.media-slider {
display: none;
}
.media-slider-1 .info-box.media-slider {
padding: 1rem;
}
@media (max-width: 889px) {
.media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.open.media-slider {
display: block;
height: 367px;
left: 4rem;
top: 0;
}
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.media-slider {
display: block;
}
.media-slider-1 .information-menu.media-slider {
left: 0;
z-index: 2;
height: auto;
min-height: 21rem;
background: #474747;
transform: translate(0, -100%);
transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}
.media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.open.media-slider {
height: 22rem;
}
.media-slider-1 .information-menu.open.media-slider {
transform: translate(0, 0);
}
.media-slider-1 .info-box.media-slider {
max-width: 1000px;
padding: 1.5rem 0;
margin: 0 auto;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for desktop-subnav --><style scope="desktop-subnav-1">.desktop-subnav-1 ul.desktop-subnav {
position: relative;
z-index: 3;
padding: .8rem 0;
margin: 0;
font-size: 1.2rem;
text-transform: uppercase;
text-align: center;
background: #333;
}
.desktop-subnav-1 li.desktop-subnav {
display: inline-block;
padding: 0 15px;
}
.desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav {
text-decoration: none;
color: #aaa;
}
.desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav:hover,.desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav:active,.desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav:focus {
color: #fff;
}
.desktop-subnav-1 .donate.desktop-subnav svg.desktop-subnav {
width: 16px;
height: 16px;
vertical-align: -4px;
fill: #f00;
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for signed-out-dropdown --><style scope="signed-out-dropdown-1">.signed-out-dropdown-1 {
;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .nav-container.signed-out-dropdown {
position: relative;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 nav.signed-out-dropdown {
position: absolute;
right: 0;
z-index: 2;
overflow: hidden;
font-size: 1.6rem;
background-color: #333;
transition-property: top;
transition-duration: 0.2s;
transition-timing-function: ease;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown {
top: -1500px;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown {
transition-duration: 0.5s;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown {
max-width: 100vw;
overflow: auto;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 h3.signed-out-dropdown {
padding: 0.6rem 2rem;
margin: 0;
font-size: inherit;
overflow: hidden;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 ul.signed-out-dropdown {
padding: 0.4rem 0 0.7rem 0;
margin: 0;
list-style: none;
max-height: calc(100vh - 7.2rem + 1px);
overflow: auto;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .divider.signed-out-dropdown {
margin: 0.5rem 0;
border-bottom: 1px solid #666;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .info-item.signed-out-dropdown {
display: block;
color: #fff;
text-decoration: none;
padding: 1rem 2rem;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .info-item.signed-out-dropdown {
font-size: 0.8em;
color: #999;
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.signed-out-dropdown-1 nav.signed-out-dropdown {
overflow: visible;
top: 0;
left: auto;
z-index: 5;
transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in-out;
font-size: 1.4rem;
border-radius: 2px;
background: #fff;
box-shadow: 0 1px 2px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 nav.signed-out-dropdown:after {
position: absolute;
right: 7px;
top: -7px;
width: 12px;
height: 7px;
box-sizing: border-box;
color: #fff;
content: '';
border-bottom: 7px solid currentColor;
border-left: 6px solid transparent;
border-right: 6px solid transparent;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 h3.signed-out-dropdown {
display: none;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 ul.signed-out-dropdown {
max-height: calc(100vh - 8.5rem + 1px);
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .divider.signed-out-dropdown {
border-bottom-color: #666;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown {
padding: 0.5rem 2rem;
color: #333;
transition: background 0.1s ease-out, color 0.1s ease-out;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .info-item.signed-out-dropdown {
padding: 0.5rem 2rem;
font-size: 0.8em;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown:hover,.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown:active,.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown:focus {
color: #fff;
background: #428bca;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown {
opacity: 0;
transition-duration: 0.2s;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown {
opacity: 1;
overflow: visible;
}
}
@media (min-width: 890px) {
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown {
right: 34rem;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.closed.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.open.signed-out-dropdown {
right: 18.5rem;
}
}
@media (min-width: 990px) {
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown {
right: 40rem;
}
.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.closed.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.open.signed-out-dropdown {
right: 24.5rem;
}
}</style><!-- Shady DOM styles for ia-topnav --><style scope="ia-topnav-1">.ia-topnav-1 {
;
color: #fff;
font-size: 2rem;
font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}
.ia-topnav-1 primary-nav.ia-topnav:focus {
outline: none !important;
}
.ia-topnav-1 #close-layer.ia-topnav {
display: none;
position: fixed;
top: 0;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
z-index: 0;
}
.ia-topnav-1 #close-layer.visible.ia-topnav {
display: block;
}
.ia-topnav-1 .topnav.ia-topnav {
position: relative;
z-index: 3;
}
@media (max-width: 889px) {
.ia-topnav-1 desktop-subnav.ia-topnav {
display: none;
}
}</style><style>body {transition: opacity ease-in 0.2s; }
body[unresolved] {opacity: 0; display: block; overflow: hidden; position: relative; }
</style>
<ia-topnav locallinks="true" waybackpagesarchived="760 billion" class="x-scope ia-topnav-1"><!---->
<div class="topnav style-scope ia-topnav">
<primary-nav class="style-scope ia-topnav x-scope primary-nav-1"><!---->
<nav class="style-scope primary-nav">
<div class="branding style-scope primary-nav">
<a title="Go home" class="link-home style-scope primary-nav" href="/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavHome"><!--?lit$0093508693$-->
<svg class="ia-logo style-scope primary-nav" width="27" height="30" viewBox="0 0 27 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="logoTitleID logoDescID">
<title id="logoTitleID" class="style-scope primary-nav">Internet Archive logo</title>
<desc id="logoDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav">A line drawing of the Internet Archive headquarters building façade.</desc>
<g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" class="style-scope primary-nav">
<mask id="mask-2" fill="white" class="style-scope primary-nav">
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</mask>
<use fill="#FFFFFF" xlink:href="#path-1" class="style-scope primary-nav"></use>
<g mask="url(#mask-2)" fill="#FFFFFF" class="style-scope primary-nav">
<path d="M0,0 L26.6666667,0 L26.6666667,30 L0,30 L0,0 Z" id="swatch" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path>
</g>
</g>
</svg>
<!--?lit$0093508693$-->
<svg class="ia-wordmark stacked style-scope primary-nav" height="30" viewBox="0 0 95 30" width="95" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g fill="#fff" fill-rule="evenodd" class="style-scope primary-nav">
<g transform="translate(0 17)" class="style-scope primary-nav">
<path d="m3.07645967 2.60391777c.09263226-.31901841.26275495-.97477846.26275495-1.10630359 0-.74950669-.57227138-.76816274-1.19041353-.88009902v-.41183224h2.90678232l3.77209227 12.60682378h-1.60725868l-1.16012991-3.8963154h-3.94266032l-1.15968456 3.8963154h-.95794221zm-.69607795 5.4317081h3.41670507l-1.76223957-5.469953z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m13.2661876 2.75363255c0-1.85487748-.0316196-1.85487748-1.469201-2.13611739v-.41183224h3.8032666c1.1601299 0 4.3599508 0 4.3599508 3.35342446 0 2.13518459-1.143652 2.84737918-2.3652399 3.0903742l2.8448791 6.16302512h-1.7773814l-2.7366596-5.82581707h-.9588329v5.82581707h-1.7007817zm1.7007817 3.35295806h.8817878c1.0042583 0 2.411556-.33674165 2.411556-2.43508055 0-2.0237147-.9588329-2.58572812-2.2579112-2.58572812-1.0354326 0-1.0354326.33720805-1.0354326 1.68650665z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m30.9386422 12.2878054c-.5250645.2817063-1.3761234.7121946-2.9682403.7121946-3.3552471 0-4.5612478-2.4537366-4.5612478-6.66860403 0-3.4089262.86531-6.18214759 4.3136347-6.18214759 1.3761234 0 2.3812724.28077351 3.0920468.56201342l.0930776 3.12908549h-.4484648c-.0619033-.95612241-.9125167-2.79187744-2.5821241-2.79187744-2.2726076 0-2.6440273 2.94065941-2.6440273 5.28292612 0 2.95931547.8510588 5.61966783 2.9994146 5.61966783 1.4692009 0 2.2267368-.5620135 2.7059306-.9551897z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m35.4546446 2.67900836c0-1.48129014-.0926322-1.64966096-1.5466914-1.83622143v-.41276504l3.2470277-.43002189v5.80669465h4.2049699v-5.60101173h1.7007816v12.60682378h-1.7007816v-6.12571303h-4.2049699v6.12571303h-1.7003363z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m46.0300434 12.3447063c1.0973359 0 1.3137748-.2807735 1.3137748-1.7420083v-8.05568117c0-1.46123489-.2164389-1.741542-1.3137748-1.741542v-.46919958h4.3287765v.46919958c-1.0826395 0-1.3137748.28030711-1.3137748 1.741542v8.05568117c0 1.4612348.2311353 1.7420083 1.3137748 1.7420083v.4678004h-4.3287765z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m55.1990352 2.60391777c-.494781-1.7051627-.6341747-1.7051627-1.8709043-1.98640261v-.41183224h2.9994145l3.0301436 10.26548988h.0307289l2.9535438-10.26548988h1.0042584l-3.771647 12.60682378h-1.344949z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m67.7842867 2.75363255c0-1.85487748-.0463161-1.85487748-1.4687557-2.13611739v-.41183224h7.4061269l.0463161 2.77228859h-.433323c0-1.49854698-.6488711-1.89218957-1.6696073-1.89218957h-1.2060007c-.7726777 0-.9735293.07462419-.9735293.97431206v3.7279446h1.8709043c1.0657162 0 1.174381-.82366447 1.2674586-1.44164603h.4324323v3.93316112h-.4324323c0-1.01162415-.3402454-1.61141607-1.2674586-1.61141607h-1.8709043v4.17755538c0 1.0489362.2008516 1.0867147.9735293 1.0867147h1.7168141c.8804518 0 1.2977423-.3749865 1.3908199-1.835755h.433323l-.0472068 2.715854h-6.1685065z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path>
</g>
<path d="m1.55575146 9.89647882v-7.6678574c0-1.39053729-.25677019-1.65867172-1.55575146-1.65867172v-.44528687h5.12561364v.44528687c-1.28118091 0-1.55575146.26813443-1.55575146 1.65867172v7.6678574c0 1.39097468.27457055 1.65735948 1.55575146 1.65735948v.4461617h-5.12561364v-.4461617c1.29898127 0 1.55575146-.2663848 1.55575146-1.65735948z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m9.92299051 2.28198586c0-1.65823431-.25588017-1.58649851-1.83032201-1.88962601v-.39235985h3.8626781l5.7664266 9.70008019h.0364907v-9.70008019h1.1534634v12h-1.7577856l-6.0405521-10.14492965h-.0369358v10.14492965h-1.15346329z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m25.631543.83808413h-1.2633805c-1.4458343 0-1.8668128.44572428-1.977175 1.74834147h-.5122054l.0729815-2.5864256h9.3727795l.0734265 2.63935263h-.5126504c0-1.37304075-.5860768-1.8012685-1.9954203-1.8012685h-1.2442452v11.16191587h-2.0141107z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m36.1050097 2.42502005c0-1.7654006-.0556262-1.7654006-1.7399852-2.0326602v-.39235985h8.7684573l.0551811 2.63935263h-.5126504c0-1.42684261-.7685305-1.8012685-1.9762849-1.8012685h-1.4284789c-.9153835 0-1.1534633.0717358-1.1534633.92775388v3.54829773h2.2152547c1.2629356 0 1.3906532-.7851571 1.5010154-1.37391558h.5130954v3.74513378h-.5130954c0-.96274696-.4022881-1.53313407-1.5010154-1.53313407h-2.2152547v3.97608803c0 .9986149.2380798 1.033608 1.1534633 1.033608h2.0319111c1.0439911 0 1.5375061-.356492 1.6469783-1.74702926h.5135404l-.0551812 2.58511336h-7.3034876z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m48.1689385 2.42502005c0-1.7654006-.0364908-1.7654006-1.7382052-2.0326602v-.39235985h4.5026011c1.3732977 0 5.1621043 0 5.1621043 3.19180579 0 2.03309761-1.3537173 2.71065102-2.8004416 2.94248013l3.3682731 5.86571408h-2.1053376l-3.2396655-5.54552745h-1.1352179v5.54552745h-2.0141107zm2.0141107 3.19136837h1.0439911c1.189064 0 2.8556227-.32018663 2.8556227-2.31697893 0-1.92680615-1.1352179-2.46132536-2.673169-2.46132536-1.2264448 0-1.2264448.32062404-1.2264448 1.6057447z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m61.4610921 2.28198586c0-1.65823431-.2567702-1.58649851-1.830767-1.88962601v-.39235985h3.8622331l5.7659816 9.70008019h.0369357v-9.70008019h1.1534633v12h-1.7568955l-6.0414421-10.14492965h-.0364908v10.14492965h-1.1530183z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m75.1550889 2.42502005c0-1.7654006-.0547361-1.7654006-1.7390952-2.0326602v-.39235985h8.7684573l.0551811 2.63935263h-.5126504c0-1.42684261-.7694205-1.8012685-1.9771749-1.8012685h-1.4280339c-.9149385 0-1.1530183.0717358-1.1530183.92775388v3.54829773h2.2148098c1.2633805 0 1.3906531-.7851571 1.5010153-1.37391558h.5130954v3.74513378h-.5130954c0-.96274696-.4022881-1.53313407-1.5010153-1.53313407h-2.2148098v3.97608803c0 .9986149.2380798 1.033608 1.1530183 1.033608h2.0319111c1.0439911 0 1.5379511-.356492 1.6478683-1.74702926h.5126504l-.0551811 2.58511336h-7.3039327z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m89.2335734.83808413h-1.2624905c-1.4462793 0-1.8672578.44572428-1.97762 1.74834147h-.5122054l.0734265-2.5864256h9.3718895l.0734265 2.63935263h-.5122054c0-1.37304075-.5856318-1.8012685-1.9958653-1.8012685h-1.2446902v11.16191587h-2.0136657z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path>
</g>
</svg>
</a>
<!--?lit$0093508693$-->
</div>
<!--?lit$0093508693$-->
<button class="search-trigger style-scope primary-nav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavSearchOpen">
<!--?lit$0093508693$-->
<svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="searchTitleID searchDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav">
<title id="searchTitleID" class="style-scope primary-nav">Search icon</title>
<desc id="searchDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav">An illustration of a magnifying glass.</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope primary-nav" d="m32.4526364 29.8875889-8.1719472-7.9751279c1.1046135-1.4876138 1.7652549-3.3102407 1.7652549-5.2846451 0-.101185-.0142895-.1981539-.030573-.2944743.0166158-.0976175.0309053-.196208.0309053-.2990145 0-4.9814145-4.152935-9.0343271-9.2572866-9.0343271-.0907218 0-.1781206.01394537-.2655193.02594487-.0880633-.0119995-.1747974-.02594487-.2655193-.02594487-5.1046839 0-9.25761889 4.0529126-9.25761889 9.0343271 0 .1011849.01395722.1981539.03057294.2947985-.01694804.0976176-.03090525.1958838-.03090525.2986903 0 4.9814145 4.1526027 9.0346514 9.2572866 9.0346514.0907218 0 .1777882-.0139454.2658516-.0262692.0873987.0123238.1741328.0262692.265187.0262692 1.7306942 0 3.3467399-.4747911 4.7338208-1.2852439l8.2882574 8.0886366c.3652137.3564177.843082.53414 1.3212826.53414.4782007 0 .9567336-.1780467 1.3212827-.53414.7294304-.7118622.7294304-1.8660845-.0003323-2.5782711zm-15.9526364-7.8875889c-.0832667-.0118703-.1652765-.0253024-.2513711-.0253024-2.8781993 0-5.2197212-2.3278242-5.2197212-5.1891862 0-.0974612-.013197-.1908615-.0289077-.2836371.0160249-.0940251.0292219-.1889874.0292219-.2880105 0-2.861362 2.3418361-5.1891861 5.2200354-5.1891861.0854662 0 .1677902-.0131198.2510569-.0246777.0826383.0115579.1649623.0246777.2510569.0246777 2.8781993 0 5.2197212 2.3278241 5.2197212 5.1891861 0 .0974612.0135112.1908616.0289077.2839496-.0157107.0940251-.0295361.1886749-.0295361.287698 0 2.861362-2.3415219 5.1891862-5.2197212 5.1891862-.0860946 0-.1684187.0134321-.2507427.0253024z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path>
</svg>
</button>
<nav-search class="style-scope primary-nav x-scope nav-search-1"><!---->
<div class="search-activated fade-in search-inactive style-scope nav-search">
<form id="nav-search" class="highlight style-scope nav-search" method="get" action="/search.php" data-event-submit-tracking="TopNav|NavSearchSubmit">
<input type="text" name="query" class="search-field style-scope nav-search" placeholder="Search" autocomplete="off" value="">
<!--?lit$0093508693$-->
<button type="submit" class="search style-scope nav-search" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavSearchClose">
<!--?lit$0093508693$-->
<svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="searchTitleID searchDescID" class="style-scope nav-search">
<title id="searchTitleID" class="style-scope nav-search">Search icon</title>
<desc id="searchDescID" class="style-scope nav-search">An illustration of a magnifying glass.</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope nav-search" d="m32.4526364 29.8875889-8.1719472-7.9751279c1.1046135-1.4876138 1.7652549-3.3102407 1.7652549-5.2846451 0-.101185-.0142895-.1981539-.030573-.2944743.0166158-.0976175.0309053-.196208.0309053-.2990145 0-4.9814145-4.152935-9.0343271-9.2572866-9.0343271-.0907218 0-.1781206.01394537-.2655193.02594487-.0880633-.0119995-.1747974-.02594487-.2655193-.02594487-5.1046839 0-9.25761889 4.0529126-9.25761889 9.0343271 0 .1011849.01395722.1981539.03057294.2947985-.01694804.0976176-.03090525.1958838-.03090525.2986903 0 4.9814145 4.1526027 9.0346514 9.2572866 9.0346514.0907218 0 .1777882-.0139454.2658516-.0262692.0873987.0123238.1741328.0262692.265187.0262692 1.7306942 0 3.3467399-.4747911 4.7338208-1.2852439l8.2882574 8.0886366c.3652137.3564177.843082.53414 1.3212826.53414.4782007 0 .9567336-.1780467 1.3212827-.53414.7294304-.7118622.7294304-1.8660845-.0003323-2.5782711zm-15.9526364-7.8875889c-.0832667-.0118703-.1652765-.0253024-.2513711-.0253024-2.8781993 0-5.2197212-2.3278242-5.2197212-5.1891862 0-.0974612-.013197-.1908615-.0289077-.2836371.0160249-.0940251.0292219-.1889874.0292219-.2880105 0-2.861362 2.3418361-5.1891861 5.2200354-5.1891861.0854662 0 .1677902-.0131198.2510569-.0246777.0826383.0115579.1649623.0246777.2510569.0246777 2.8781993 0 5.2197212 2.3278241 5.2197212 5.1891861 0 .0974612.0135112.1908616.0289077.2839496-.0157107.0940251-.0295361.1886749-.0295361.287698 0 2.861362-2.3415219 5.1891862-5.2197212 5.1891862-.0860946 0-.1684187.0134321-.2507427.0253024z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path>
</svg>
</button>
</form>
</div>
</nav-search>
<a class="upload style-scope primary-nav" href="/create">
<!--?lit$0093508693$-->
<svg width="40" height="41" viewBox="0 0 40 41" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="uploadTitleID uploadDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav">
<title id="uploadTitleID" class="style-scope primary-nav">Upload icon</title>
<desc id="uploadDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav">An illustration of a horizontal line over an up pointing arrow.</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope primary-nav" d="m20 12.8 8 10.4h-4.8v8.8h-6.4v-8.8h-4.8zm12-4.8v3.2h-24v-3.2z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path>
</svg>
<span class="style-scope primary-nav">Upload</span>
</a>
<div class="user-info style-scope primary-nav">
<!--?lit$0093508693$-->
<login-button class="style-scope primary-nav x-scope login-button-1"><!---->
<div class="logged-out-toolbar style-scope login-button">
<a class="dropdown-toggle style-scope login-button" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavLoginIcon">
<!--?lit$0093508693$-->
<svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="userTitleID userDescID" class="style-scope login-button">
<title id="userTitleID" class="style-scope login-button">User icon</title>
<desc id="userDescID" class="style-scope login-button">An illustration of a person's head and chest.</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope login-button" d="m20.7130435 18.0434783c-3.5658385 0-6.4565218-2.9198821-6.4565218-6.5217392 0-3.60185703 2.8906833-6.5217391 6.4565218-6.5217391s6.4565217 2.91988207 6.4565217 6.5217391c0 3.6018571-2.8906832 6.5217392-6.4565217 6.5217392zm-12.9130435 16.9565217c0-7.9240855 5.7813665-14.3478261 12.9130435-14.3478261s12.9130435 6.4237406 12.9130435 14.3478261z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path>
</svg>
</a>
<span class="style-scope login-button">
<a class="style-scope login-button" href="/account/signup">Sign up</a>
|
<a class="style-scope login-button" href="/account/login">Log in</a>
</span>
</div>
</login-button>
</div>
<media-menu class="style-scope primary-nav x-scope media-menu-1" tabindex="-1"><!---->
<div class="media-menu-container closed style-scope media-menu">
<div class="overflow-clip style-scope media-menu">
<nav class="media-menu-inner style-scope media-menu" aria-hidden="true" aria-expanded="false">
<div class="menu-group style-scope media-menu">
<!--?lit$0093508693$--><!---->
<media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="web"><!---->
<a class="menu-item web style-scope media-button" href="/web/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuWeb" title="Expand web menu">
<!--?lit$0093508693$-->
<span class="icon style-scope media-button">
<!--?lit$0093508693$-->
<svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="webTitleID webDescID" class="style-scope media-button">
<title id="webTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Web icon</title>
<desc id="webDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of a computer application window</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m8 28.7585405v-8.1608108-9.3577297h24v9.3577297 8.1608108zm14.2702703-15.8863783h-12.43243246v2.6114594h12.43243246zm7.7837838 14.0365946v-7.0727027-1.8497838h-20.21621626v1.8497838 7.0727027zm-3.7837838-14.0365946h-2.7027027v2.6114594h2.7027027zm4 0h-2.7027027v2.6114594h2.7027027z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path>
</svg>
</span>
<span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$0093508693$-->Wayback Machine</span>
</a>
</media-button>
<!----><!---->
<media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="texts"><!---->
<a class="menu-item texts style-scope media-button" href="/details/texts" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuTexts" title="Expand texts menu">
<!--?lit$0093508693$-->
<span class="icon style-scope media-button">
<!--?lit$0093508693$-->
<svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="textsTitleID textsDescID" class="style-scope media-button">
<title id="textsTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Texts icon</title>
<desc id="textsDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of an open book.</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m10.3323235 11.0007023h6.9060825c.8851083 0 1.5847122.3064258 2.0988114.9192774v14.4324451h-.6460032c-.1435563-.120323-.3528315-.2434552-.6278257-.3693964-.2749942-.1259413-.5201585-.2191097-.7354929-.2795053l-.3048241-.1081503h-5.7042647c-.3108832 0-.5621067-.0601615-.7536705-.1804846-.0717781-.0599274-.1256117-.1439663-.1615008-.2521166-.0358891-.1081502-.0598928-.2043619-.0720112-.2886348v-13.8741368zm19.1752505 0v13.603761c-.0717781.3361555-.2211606.5943584-.4481473.7746089-.0717781.0599274-.1733862.1079162-.304824.1439663-.1314379.0360501-.2451643.0601615-.3411793.0723343h-5.5965975c-.9568865.2640552-1.5068748.5164059-1.649965.757052h-.6634817v-14.4324451c.5140992-.6128516 1.2076439-.9192774 2.0806339-.9192774h6.92426zm1.3814961.6489017-.1796783 15.2976474c-.0955489 0-1.0342578.0119386-2.8161268.035816-1.7818691.0238773-3.3006293.0898911-4.5562806.1980414-1.2556514.1081503-1.9613144.2884008-2.1169891.5407514-.0955488.1924233-.5439291.273419-1.345141.2429871-.8012118-.0304319-1.3155441-.1776755-1.5429969-.4417308-.334654-.3843783-3.4558378-.5765674-9.36355164-.5765674v-15.3875385l-.96830576.3960828v16.2702977c6.4096947-.2041278 9.7760429-.0840388 10.0990445.3602669.2391051.276228.9864833.414342 2.2421347.414342.1915638 0 .4187835-.0210682.6816593-.0632047s.4810068-.0870821.6543929-.1348367c.1733862-.0477547.2719646-.0838048.2957353-.1081503.0838965-.1563732.9599161-.2675666 2.6280587-.3335805 1.6681426-.0660138 3.3213703-.0931684 4.9596831-.0814638l2.4392915.0182591v-16.2344816z"></path>
</svg>
</span>
<span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$0093508693$-->Books</span>
</a>
</media-button>
<!----><!---->
<media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="video"><!---->
<a class="menu-item video style-scope media-button" href="/details/movies" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuVideo" title="Expand video menu">
<!--?lit$0093508693$-->
<span class="icon style-scope media-button">
<!--?lit$0093508693$-->
<svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="videoTitleID videoDescID" class="style-scope media-button">
<title id="videoTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Video icon</title>
<desc id="videoDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of two cells of a film strip.</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m31.0117647 12.0677966c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711864-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711864-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711865-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.3898305c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711864-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711865-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711865-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm-4.0941176-10.440678c0 .5423729-.4235295.9491525-.9882353.9491525h-11.5764706c-.5647059 0-.9882353-.4067796-.9882353-.9491525v-6.9152542c0-.5423729.4235294-.9491526.9882353-.9491526h11.5764706c.5647058 0 .9882353.4067797.9882353.9491526zm-.1411765 11.2542373c0 .5423729-.4235294.9491525-.9882353.9491525h-11.5764706c-.5647059 0-.9882353-.4067796-.9882353-.9491525v-6.9152542c0-.5423729.4235294-.9491526.9882353-.9491526h11.5764706c.5647059 0 .9882353.4067797.9882353.9491526zm-14.9647059-17.220339c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711864-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711864-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711865-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.3898305c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711864-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711865-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711865-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm20.0470588-20.4745763h-.8470588v.27118644.6779661c0 .40677966-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.27118644-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661-.27118644h-16.5176471v.27118644.6779661c0 .40677966-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.27118644-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661-.27118644h-1.12941176v24h1.12941176v-.2711864-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661v.6779661.2711864h16.6588235v-.2711864-.6779661c0-.4067797.282353-.6779661.7058824-.6779661h1.2705882c.4235294 0 .7058824.2711864.7058824.6779661v.6779661.2711864h.8470588v-24z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path>
</svg>
</span>
<span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$0093508693$-->Video</span>
</a>
</media-button>
<!----><!---->
<media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="audio"><!---->
<a class="menu-item audio style-scope media-button" href="/details/audio" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuAudio" title="Expand audio menu">
<!--?lit$0093508693$-->
<span class="icon style-scope media-button">
<!--?lit$0093508693$-->
<svg width="40px" height="40px" viewBox="0 0 40 40" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="audioTitleID audioDescID" class="style-scope media-button">
<title id="audioTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Audio icon</title>
<desc id="audioDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of an audio speaker.</desc>
<g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" class="style-scope media-button">
<g transform="translate(10, 8)" class="fill-color style-scope media-button">
<path d="M19.4264564,11.8585048 L19.4264564,20.7200433 C19.4264564,22.3657576 18.8838179,23.2519114 16.8489237,23.2519114 C12.2364969,23.125318 7.75972977,23.125318 3.14730298,23.2519114 C1.24806842,23.2519114 0.569770368,22.492351 0.569770368,20.7200433 L0.569770368,2.74377955 C0.569770368,1.09806526 1.11240881,0.211911416 3.14730298,0.211911416 C7.75972977,0.338504822 12.2364969,0.338504822 16.8489237,0.211911416 C18.7481583,0.211911416 19.4264564,0.971471855 19.4264564,2.74377955 C19.2907967,5.78202131 19.4264564,8.82026306 19.4264564,11.8585048 L19.4264564,11.8585048 Z M10.0659432,2.74377955 C8.16670861,2.74377955 6.67445288,4.13630702 6.67445288,5.90861471 C6.67445288,7.6809224 8.16670861,9.07344988 10.0659432,9.07344988 C11.9651777,9.07344988 13.4574335,7.6809224 13.4574335,5.90861471 C13.4574335,4.13630702 11.8295181,2.74377955 10.0659432,2.74377955 L10.0659432,2.74377955 Z M10.0659432,11.4787246 C7.21709133,11.4787246 5.04653754,13.6308125 5.04653754,16.1626806 C5.04653754,18.8211422 7.35275094,20.8466367 10.0659432,20.8466367 C12.914795,20.8466367 15.0853488,18.6945488 15.0853488,16.1626806 C15.0853488,13.6308125 12.7791354,11.4787246 10.0659432,11.4787246 L10.0659432,11.4787246 Z" class="style-scope media-button"></path>
<ellipse cx="10.2016028" cy="16.5690777" rx="1.35659611" ry="1.34075134" class="style-scope media-button"></ellipse>
</g>
</g>
</svg>
</span>
<span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$0093508693$-->Audio</span>
</a>
</media-button>
<!----><!---->
<media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="software"><!---->
<a class="menu-item software style-scope media-button" href="/details/software" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuSoftware" title="Expand software menu">
<!--?lit$0093508693$-->
<span class="icon style-scope media-button">
<!--?lit$0093508693$-->
<svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="softwareTitleID softwareDescID" class="style-scope media-button">
<title id="softwareTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Software icon</title>
<desc id="softwareDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of a 3.5" floppy disk.</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m32 30.6900373v-21.44521088c0-.82988428-.4156786-1.24482642-1.2470357-1.24482642h-21.50592858c-.83135715 0-1.24703572.4221795-1.24703572 1.26653851v21.44521089c0 .8588337.41567857 1.2882506 1.24703572 1.2882506h21.48327168c.8458575 0 1.2687863-.4366542 1.2687863-1.3099627zm-5.9950155-20.4410268v6.114667c0 .6694561-.3428744 1.0041841-1.0286232 1.0041841h-10.1294464c-.2622159 0-.4773054-.0802141-.6452685-.2406423s-.2519447-.3642806-.2519447-.6115572v-6.1363791l.0217506-.1311772h12.0326259zm-4.9437353.8295827v5.0010178h3.0405558v-5.0010178zm-9.7134658 18.8035735v-7.753025c0-.5241057.1604108-.9025595.4812325-1.1353613.1897138-.1453504.4011782-.2180256.6343932-.2180256h14.7451099c.3208217 0 .5905898.1091636.8093044.3274907s.3280719.5023936.3280719.8521995v7.8181612l-.0217506.1094652h-16.9772676z"></path>
</svg>
</span>
<span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$0093508693$-->Software</span>
</a>
</media-button>
<!----><!---->
<media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="images"><!---->
<a class="menu-item images style-scope media-button" href="/details/image" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuImages" title="Expand images menu">
<!--?lit$0093508693$-->
<span class="icon style-scope media-button">
<!--?lit$0093508693$-->
<svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="imagesTitleID imagesDescID" class="style-scope media-button">
<title id="imagesTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Images icon</title>
<desc id="imagesDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of two photographs.</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m20.8219178 15.3769871c0 1.1136708-.8767123 1.8932404-1.8630137 1.8932404s-1.9726027-.8909367-1.9726027-1.8932404c0-1.0023038.8767123-1.8932404 1.9726027-1.8932404.9863014 0 1.8630137.8909366 1.8630137 1.8932404zm-5.9178082-3.7864808h15.4520548v6.0138225l-1.9726028-3.3410125-2.6301369 6.3479237-2.1917809-2.67281-6.1369863 5.1228859h-2.5205479zm-1.7534247-1.6705063v14.9231892h18.8493151v-14.9231892zm-2.9589041 7.2388604c.2191781 0 1.9726028-.3341012 1.9726028-.3341012v-2.0046075l-4.1643836.5568354c.43835616 4.7887846.87671233 9.9116704 1.31506849 14.700455 6.02739731-.5568354 13.26027401-1.5591391 19.39726031-2.1159746-.1095891-.5568354-.1095891-2.0046075-.2191781-2.67281-.4383562.1113671-1.4246575 0-1.8630137.1113671v.8909367c-5.1506849.4454683-10.3013699 1.1136708-15.4520548 1.6705062.109589-.111367-.5479452-7.0161262-.9863014-10.8026071z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path>
</svg>
</span>
<span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$0093508693$-->Images</span>
</a>
</media-button>
<!----><!---->
<media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="donate"><!---->
<a class="menu-item donate style-scope media-button" href="/donate/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuDonate" title="Expand donate menu">
<!--?lit$0093508693$-->
<span class="icon style-scope media-button">
<!--?lit$0093508693$-->
<svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="donateTitleID donateDescID" class="style-scope media-button">
<title id="donateTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Donate icon</title>
<desc id="donateDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of a heart shape</desc>
<path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m30.0120362 11.0857287c-1.2990268-1.12627221-2.8599641-1.65258786-4.682812-1.57894699-.8253588.02475323-1.7674318.3849128-2.8262192 1.08047869-1.0587873.6955659-1.89622 1.5724492-2.512298 2.63065-.591311-1.0588196-1.4194561-1.9357029-2.4844351-2.63065-1.0649791-.69494706-2.0039563-1.05510663-2.8169316-1.08047869-1.2067699-.04950647-2.318187.17203498-3.3342513.66462439-1.0160643.4925893-1.82594378 1.2002224-2.42963831 2.1228992-.60369453.9226769-.91173353 1.9629315-.92411701 3.1207641-.03715043 1.9202322.70183359 3.7665141 2.21695202 5.5388457 1.2067699 1.4035084 2.912594 3.1606786 5.1174721 5.2715107 2.2048782 2.1108321 3.7565279 3.5356901 4.6549492 4.2745742.8253588-.6646243 2.355647-2.0647292 4.5908647-4.2003145s3.9747867-3.9171994 5.218707-5.3448422c1.502735-1.7723316 2.2355273-3.6186135 2.1983769-5.5388457-.0256957-1.7608832-.6875926-3.2039968-1.9866194-4.3302689z"></path>
</svg>
</span>
<span class="label style-scope media-button"><!--?lit$0093508693$-->Donate</span>
</a>
</media-button>
<!----><!---->
<media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="more"><!---->
<a class="menu-item more style-scope media-button" href="/about/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuMore" title="Expand more menu">
<!--?lit$0093508693$-->
<span class="icon style-scope media-button">
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Search the history of over <!--?lit$0093508693$-->760 billion
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<div id="descript" itemprop="description"><div>Harden the human firewall against the most current threats</div><div><br></div><div>Social Engineering: The Science of Human Hacking reveals the craftier side of the hacker’s repertoire—why hack into something when you could just ask for access? Undetectable by firewalls and antivirus software, social engineering relies on human fault to gain access to sensitive spaces; in this book, renowned expert Christopher Hadnagy explains the most commonly-used techniques that fool even the most robust security personnel, and shows you how these techniques have been used in the past. The way that we make decisions as humans affects everything from our emotions to our security. Hackers, since the beginning of time, have figured out ways to exploit that decision making process and get you to take an action not in your best interest. This new Second Edition has been updated with the most current methods used by sharing stories, examples, and scientific study behind how those decisions are exploited.</div><div><br></div><div>Networks and systems can be hacked, but they can also be protected; when the “system” in question is a human being, there is no software to fall back on, no hardware upgrade, no code that can lock information down indefinitely. Human nature and emotion is the secret weapon of the malicious social engineering, and this book shows you how to recognize, predict, and prevent this type of manipulation by taking you inside the social engineer’s bag of tricks.</div><div><br></div><div>Examine the most common social engineering tricks used to gain access</div><div>Discover which popular techniques generally don’t work in the real world</div><div>Examine how our understanding of the science behind emotions and decisions can be used by social engineers</div><div>Learn how social engineering factors into some of the biggest recent headlines</div><div>Learn how to use these skills as a professional social engineer and secure your company</div><div>Adopt effective counter-measures to keep hackers at bay</div><div>By working from the social engineer’s playbook, you gain the advantage of foresight that can help you protect yourself and others from even their best efforts. Social Engineering gives you the inside information you need to mount an unshakeable defense.</div>
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